21. Part 2: Reading Comprehension - Text
Since at least the 1970s, when researchers successfully trained chimpanzees to use and read words in sign language, we have known that language, in a loose sense of the term, is not unique to humans. Since at least the 1970s, when researchers successfully trained chimpanzees to use and read words in sign language, we have known that language, in a loose sense of the term, is not unique to humans. Animals have the brain power to understand human language and use their own languages in surprisingly profound ways. We all know parrots can be trained to speak human words. And dogs will react to the word "walk" with a knowing, tail-wagging enthusiasm. How deep is the dog's bank of human words? We'll take a look at one border collie's remarkable talent at retrieving objects of different names.
After being featured on a television show for his ability to understand 200 words, a border collie named Rico intrigued some researchers at the Max Planck institute. These researchers asked if they could bring Rico in to perform some experiments to find out just how far they could stretch the dog's language ability. The answer: surprisingly far.
At first, the researchers wanted to verify in a controlled setting whether Rico really knew 200 words. To do this, they collected 10 items with which Rico was familiar. At the verbal command of his owner, they had him fetch a specific item from a separate room. Rico performed very well at this task, but the researchers wanted to challenge him further. Next, they chose a new item - one that Rico had never seen in his life - and placed it in the room among the familiar items. The owner requested that new item by name and, lo and behold, Rico brought back the new item. Researchers performed this test several times, each time with another new item, and found that Rico brought back the correct item an impressive 70 percent of the time. This demonstrated not only that the dog had a large vocabulary, but also that he knew how to use process of elimination.
1) Although they can't speak human words,
24.
Part 3: Spelling
Choose the word which has been misspelled.
41. Part 5: Vocabulary Cloze
Australians are (1) _____ buyers having some of the biggest credit card debts in the world. On rainy days (no beach to go) it is very hard to get a parking place in a Shopping Center, and over the Christmas period and Boxing day (the day after Christmas) it is almost impossible, with lines of cars parking on the streets outside the shopping area. Shopping is very good here with lots of variety and good offers. In all Australian Shopping Centers smoking is (2) _____. There are also suburban small shopping centers to look after the (3) _____. They are pretty close together and almost always have a bakery, a Pharmacy, Medical center, a small supermarket, dentist, Fish and Chips shop, Pizza Shop and small eatery. It is difficult to see something unusual or unique in (4) _____ shops. Preservation of the environment is ten out of ten for Australia. It is amazing; how much care conscientious Australians (5) _____ to preserving the environment. It doesn't only cover nature conservation such as mountains, rivers, forests and oceans, it spans into the cities as well.
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Australians love Australia and are very proud of having a clean and beautiful land. The majority of the population are very (6) _____ about ecological and preservation matters, (7) _____ themselves as much as possible to keep it that way. Not only will (8) _____ people report damage to the environment, but the authorities will also give you heavy fines for (9) _____ anything you are not allowed to. Streets and locations are very clean. I have been to beaches where you have to walk on a wooden path so as (10) _____ to disturb the sand and native grass that is underneath.
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Scientists believe moving your eyes forces the two sides of your brain to communicate, improving its (11) _____ to retrieve facts. The (12) _____, by researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University, involved 102 students. They were asked to listen to a voice reading out 20 lists of 15 words. A third of the students were then (13) _____ to move their eyes from side to side for 30 seconds, a third to move their eyes up and down, and the rest to act as normal. The students who had (14) _____ their eyes on average remembered 10 per cent more words. Dr Andrew Parker, a psychologist specialising in (15) _____ neuroscience at the university, led the researc
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He said: "This work suggests that horizontal eye (16) _____ could help people identify the true source of their memories." The (17) _____ were published in the science journal Brain and Cognition. Previous studies have suggested that exercising your (18) _____ body is the key to improving your memory. Earlier this year researchers at Columbia University in New York concluded that regular (19) _____ help by increasing bloodflow to the part of the brain (20) ____ for recalling facts.
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111. Part 7: Prepositions
171. Part 9: Error Correction